Malrotación intestinal: a propósito de un caso / Intestinal malrotation: a case report

Existen múltiples patologías del abdomen que pueden ser diagnosticadas por parte del especialista en Diagnóstico por Imágenes; entre ellas, la malrotación intestinal es un hallazgo generalmente incidental. El médico imagenólogo debe ser capaz de reconocer los signos de la malrotación intestinal, al tratarse de una entidad patológica con complicaciones graves, como el vólvulo de intestinal. Para el diagnóstico, es clave su sospecha, así como las variantes de la normalidad que pueden conducir a un diagnóstico erróneo.

There are many diseases of the abdomen that can be diagnosed by the specialist in diagnostic imaging, including the intestinal malrotation is a finding usually incidental. The doctor specialist imaging must be able to recognize the signs of intestinal malrotation is a pathological entity, with serious complications, such as intestinal volvulus. For the diagnosis, it is the key to your suspicion, as well as the variants that can lead to a false diagnosis.

Report of a rare case and review of adult intestinal duplication at the opposite side of mesenteric margin

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: To study the previously discovered clinical entity of adult intestinal duplication and its treatment, and propose an extension to its existing classification. CASE REPORT: We report the case of an adult male with abdominal pain, constipation and vomiting. This patient underwent surgical separation of adhesions, reduction of torsion and intestinal decompression. Postoperative pathological findings confirmed the rare diagnosis of intestinal duplication. CONCLUSION: Adult intestinal duplication is quite rare. Its clinical manifestations are nonspecific. From this finding of intestinal duplication originating at the opposite side of the mesenteric margin, a further extension of the existing anatomical classification is proposed.

Sangrado del intestino delgado: enfoque y tratamiento / Small Bowel Bleeding: Approach and Treatment

Resumen Actualmente, se pueden identificar lesiones del intestino delgado que antes eran inaccesibles. La principal herramienta diagnóstica es la videocápsula endoscópica por el alto valor predictivo negativo. Con los avances en los métodos endoscópicos, la clasificación del sangrado gastrointestinal ha cambiado. Es así como la definición del sangrado oscuro, que antes incluía al originado en el intestino delgado, se ha relegado cuando su origen no se puede identificar tras la realización de una esofagogastroduodenoscopia, colonoscopia y estudios del tracto digestivo medio, tales como videocápsula endoscópica, enteroscopia de empuje, enteroscopia profunda, enteroscopia intraoperatoria, enterorresonancia, enterotomografía, angiografía y gammagrafía.

Abstract Intestinal lesions that were previously inaccessible can now be identified. The most important new diagnostic tool is the endoscopic videocapsule because of its high negative predictive value. With advances in endoscopic methods, the classification of gastrointestinal bleeding has changed so that definition of occult and obscure bleeding that previously included bleeding originating in the small intestine has been relegated to cases for which the origin cannot be identified after performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy and studies of the middle digestive tract such as endoscopic videocapsule, push enteroscopy, deep enteroscopy , intraoperative enteroscopy, MRI enterography, CT enterography, angiography and scintigraphy.

Complicated diffuse giant small bowel diverticulosis: a case report

Small bowel diverticulosis is a rare entity that occurs later in life. The majority of diagnosed cases is asymptomatic and is incidentally found in radiological examinations or laparotomy. The significance of this rare disease entity is that it might present with acute life threatening complications. Here, we present a case of diffuse giant small intestine diverticulosis that was complicated with intestinal volvulus

Capsula endoscópica y enteroscopia asistida por balones en pacientes con sospecha de enfermedad de intestino delgado métodos complementarios / Capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy in patients with suspected small bowel disease complementary methods

El desarrollo reciente de la cápsula endoscópica (CE) y la enteroscopia asistida por balones (EAPB) ha cambiado el algoritmo diagnóstico de la patología del intestino delgado. La combinación de ambos métodos parece ser una herramienta útil. Mostrar la experiencia con el uso combinado de CE y EAPB en pacientes con sospecha de enfermedades del intestino delgado. 34 pacientes a quienes se les realizó CE y EAPB. El endoscopista conocía el resultado de la CE. Equipos: CE M2A, PillCam SB (Given Imaging), videoenteroscopios doble balón Fujinon EN-450P5, EN-450T5, enteroscopio balón único Olympus SIG Q-180. Se registraron datos demográficos, indicaciones, segmentos evaluados, hallazgos y complicaciones. 34 pacientes (19 mujeres, 15 hombres), edad promedio: 57,67 años. Principales indicaciones: sangrado digestivo oscuro evidente 67,64 %, anemia 11,76%, enfermedad de Crohn 5,88%. La EAPB se realizó por vía anterógrada en 25 pacientes, retrógrada en 4 y combinada en 5. Se detectaron lesiones con CE en 85,29% pacientes, con EAEAPB en 67,64% y con ambos métodos en 52,9%. En 11 pacientes se detectaron lesiones por CE y la EAPB fue normal. En 2 pacientes hubo hallazgos en la EAPB no vistos por la cápsula. Hallazgos mas frecuentes: CE: angioectasias 11, tumor subepitelial ulcerado 2, presencia de sangre 4, úlceras 3. EAPB: angioectasias 9, tumor subepitelial ulcerado 1, ulceras 3, divertículo de Meckel, 1. Terapéutica endoscópica en 13 pacientes y cirugía en 4 con sangrado digestivo. CE y EBU combinadas permiten mejorar el diagnóstico y orientar la conducta terapéutica en pacientes con sospecha de patología del intestino delgado...

The recent development of capsule endoscopy (CE) and balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) has changed the diagnostic algorithm of small bowel pathology. The combination of both methods seems to be a useful tool. To show the experience with the combined use of CE and BAE in patients with suspected small bowel diseases. 34 patients who underwent CE and BAE. The endoscopist knew the outcome of the CE. We used the CE M2A, Pillcam (Given Imaging), double balloon videoenteroscopy Fujinon EN-450P5, EN-450T5, single balloon enteroscopy GIS Olympus Q-180. Demographic data, indications, segments evaluated, findings and complications were recorded. 34 patients (19 women, 15 men), average age: 57.67 years. Main indications: evident obscure gastrointestinal bleeding 67.64%, anemia 11, 76%, Crohn’s disease 5.88%. Anterograde BAE was performed in 25 patients, retrograde in 4 and combined in 5 patients. CE lesions were detected in 85.29% patients with BAE in 67.64% and 52.9% in both methods. In 11 patients lesions were detected by CE and the BAE was normal. In 2 patients there were findings in the BAE, not seen by the capsule. Most common finding: CE: 11 angiodysplasia, 2 subepithelial ulcerated tumor, 4 blood presence, 3 ulcers. BAE: 9 angiodysplasia, 1 subepithelial ulcerated tumor, 3 ulcers, 1 Meckel diverticulum. Therapeutic endoscopy was performed in 13 patients and surgery in 4 patients with digestive bleeding. Combined CE and BAE allow improving the diagnostic and orientate the therapeutic behavior in patients with suspected small bowel pathology...

Nonrotation of the Prearterial Segment of Midgut Presenting as Duodenal Obstruction in a 60-Year-Old Man / 대한소화기학회지

Intestinal malrotation is a developmental anomaly resulting from embryologic failure of fixation and rotation of the gut and predisposed to midgut vovulus and small bowel obstruction. Although various forms of malrotation anomalies in the gut can occur, nonrotation of prearterial segment with the initial symptomatic presentation at advanced age has been rarely reported. Here, we report a case of nonrotation of the prearterial segment of the midgut presenting with duodenal obstruction in a 60-year-old man. To our best knowledge, this is the first case reported about nonrotation of prearterial segment of the midgut in Korea.

Duplicación intestinal: diagnóstico y tratamiento de una condición inusual / Intestinal duplieation: diagnosis and treatment of an unusual condition

We report a 2.5 years old male presenting with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting lasting 30 days. A CAT scan showed an intestinal duplication cyst. The patient was operated and a cystic lesion of 6 cm diameter was fond and excised along with five cm of terminal ileum. Intestinal transit was reconstituted with a terminal anastomosis between ileum and colon.

Reportamos el caso clínico de un paciente de 2 años y 6 meses de edad que fue intervenido quirúrgicamente por una duplicación intestinal del ileon terminal. Discutimos la presentación clínica, estudio radiológico, procedimiento quirúrgico y resultados del tratamiento. Revisamos la literatura actual pertinente haciendo énfasis en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de estas malformaciones por el potencial de malignidad que presentan en la vida adulta.

Jejunal Diverticulitis

Although uncommon, jejunoileal diverticula are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Both acute and chronic symptoms can be varied and non-specific, making jejunoileal diverticular disease a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We report a case of jejunal diverticular disease, complicated by acute diverticulitis, in a 75-year-old male who was successfully treated with conservative approach. The non-surgical approach was enabled by early assessment with multislice CT and active close observation

Small bowel haemangioma: a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in infant

Haemangiomas of small bowel are rare benign tumors. They present diversely, with intestinal obstruction being rare. We describe a two years old female baby with intestinal obstruction. Exploration revealed a diffusely infiltrating haemangioma of middle one third of ileum. Resection of affected segment and end to end bowel anastomosis was made. Post- operative recovery was un- eventful. Histopathological report was consistent with capillary haemangioma of small intestine

Imaging of congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract.

The radiological imaging plays a vital role in the evaluation of patients with congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. The evaluation of these patients, most of which present early after birth, frequently requires the use of various imaging modalities for making the correct diagnosis and planning surgical correction. This article reviews the common congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract including obstructive lesions, anomalies of rotation and fixation, anorectal anomalies, and intestinal duplications. The plain radiograph is often diagnostic in neonates with complete gastric of upper intestinal obstruction and further radiologic evaluation may be unnecessary. An upper gastrointestinal series should be performed in all patients with incomplete intestinal obstruction. Sonography is useful in the evaluation of many congenital anomalies affecting pediatric gastrointestinal tract especially hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, enteric duplication cysts, midgut malrotation, meconium ileus and meconium peritonitis. Moreover, CT and MRI has assumed a greater importance as these provide excellent anatomic details which may be necessary for correct diagnosis as well as treatment planning. This is particularly true in evaluation of congenital anomalies such as esophageal/enteric duplications, vascular rings and anorectal anomalies. It is important to be familiar with the role nad usefulness of the various imaging modalities so that these can be used judiciously to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure while minimizing the patient discomfort.

Agenesia segmentar da camada muscular própria do intestino delgado como causa de abdome agudo obstrutivo em recém-nascido: relato de caso / Segmental agenesis of the muscle layer of the small intestine as cause of acute abdominal obstrution in newborn: case story

Alterações no desenvolvimento da musculatura do intestino delgado permanecem com etiologia indefinida após seis décadas da descrição inicial. Devido ao pequeno número de casos publicados, pouco se sabe quanto a etiopatogenia da enfermidade que se apresenta, em neonatos, como perfuração ou obstrução intestinal. O presente relato descreve recém-nascido com abdome agudo obstrutivo conseqüente a agenesia segmentar da camada muscular própria do intestino delgado. Relato do Caso: Neonato masculino de termo, nascido de parto cesariano, indicado por doença hipertensiva específica da gestação, apresentou sinais de sofrimento fetal crônico ao nascimento. Evoluiu com vômitos, distensão abdominal generalizada e no terceiro dia, pela acentuada deterioração clínica, foi aventada hipótese de enterocolite necrotizante. Apesar da terapêutica instituída, apresentou piora da distensão abdominal constatando-se no toque retal presença de muco e sangue. Diante do quadro optou-se pela exploração cirúrgica que encontrou torção do íleo terminal, a cerca de 10 cm da válvula ileocecal. Constatou-se neste local ausência do mesentério e segmento de 20 cm do intestino delgado necrótico a partir da obstrução. Realizou-se enterectomia com enteroanastomose primária. O exame anátomo-patológico demonstrou segmento de intestino delgado com hipoplasia da camada muscular circular interna. Notava-se ainda intenso edema da submucosa, congestão de vasos sangüíneos e áreas de agenesia da camada muscular circular interna do órgão, com preservação da muscular da mucosa e da camada muscular longitudinal externa.Após a intervenção cirúrgica evoluiu satisfatoriamente, encontrando-se bem há seis anos com desenvolvimento pondero-estatural normal.

Metodología diagnóstica en la obstrucción intestinal del recién nacido / Diagnostic radiology of neonatal intestinal obstruction

La obstrucción intestinal (OI) es la emergencia quirúrgica más frecuente en el recién nacido. Entre abril de 1988 y marzo de 1999 fueron estudiados 235 pacientes que presentaron OI. La radiografía simple de abdomen en dos proyecciones (decúbito dorsal, de pie, capo volta o invertograma) fue diagnóstica en todos los casos. Hallazgos: OI alta: atresia duodenal (n=28), malrotación (n=33). OI baja: malformación anorrectal (con atresia anal) (n=64), atresia yeyunal/ileal (n=49), enfermedad de Hischsprung (n=39), íleo meconial (n=22). La radiografía simple de abdomen permite una evaluación adecuada del paciente en la misma sala de Neonatología. Reemplaza a la seriada esofagogastroduodenal en el estudio de la obstrucción intestinal del recién nacido, utilizando el aire como contraste y evitando además los riesgos de aspiración por vómitos y disminuyendo la exposición a las radiaciones

Duplicación intestinal. Presentación de cinco casos / Intestinal duplication. Presentation of five cases

Se presentan cinco casos con duplicación del intestino delgado, dos con hemorragia abundante del tubo digestivo, sindrome anémico, vómito y distensión abdominal generalizada, dos casos presentaron signos de obstrucción intestinal, con masa abdominal y otro presentó masa abdominal móvil, quística y no dolorosa. Ninguno tuvo otra malformación agregada. El ultrasonido (US) prenatal demostró en un caso, la presencia de imagen quística en el abdomen fetal, que se confirmó al nacimiento, las radiografías simples del abdomen (RxSA) mostraron opacidad total o parcial del abdomen y dilatación de las asas intestinales. La tomografía axial computada (TAC) presentó en un caso tumoración abdominal. A dos casos se les realizó estudio con TC 99m para descartar divertículo de Meckel y mucosa gástrica ectópica y fue negativo. Se realizó laparotomía de urgencia a dos casos y en tres fue pogramada. En los cinco casos se encontró duplicación de íleon, que se resecó y se realizó entero-entero anastomosis término-terminal en un plano. El estudio histopatológico demostró la presencia de mucosa intestinal normal. En un caso hubo dos duplicaciones de tipo sacular sobre el borde mesentérico del intestino sano del íleon